What does the term 'Spoils System' refer to?

The term 'Spoils System' refers to an outdated system of appointing civil service jobs based on political loyalty. This practice was prevalent in the United States during the 19th century, where elected officials would reward their supporters with government positions. The idea behind the spoils system was that political allies would help maintain the administration's power and influence. This method often led to unqualified individuals holding significant positions, as appointments were made primarily based on allegiance rather than merit or competence.

The spoils system was eventually criticized for its potential to foster corruption and inefficiency within government operations, leading to reforms such as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which aimed to establish a merit-based system for civil service appointments. This understanding of the spoils system's historical context is essential in comprehending the evolution of personnel security and civil service systems in the United States.